Treatment of gout 

Summary points   What is gout   Treatment of gout   Indications for Uric acid lowering therapy   Lifestyle interventions   Pharmacists have a key role in the care of people with gout   Prevalence and impact of gout   References   Issue 8 Contents

---

References

1. Wallace SL, Robinson H, Masi AT, et al. Preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary gout. Arthritis Rheum 1977;20(3):895-900.
2. Zhang W, Doherty M, Pascual E, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: Diagnosis. Report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65(10):1301-11.
3. Campion EW, Glynn RJ, DeLabry LO. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Risks and consequences in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Med 1987;82(3):421-6.
4. Gibson T, Waterworth R, Hatfield P, et al. Hyperuricaemia, gout and kidney function in New Zealand Māori men. Br J Rheumatol 1984;23(4):276-82.
5. NZRA consensus statement available online at http://www.rheumatology.org.nz/position_statement.cfm
6. Mikuls TR, MacLean CH, Olivieri J, et al. Quality of care indicators for gout management. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50(3):937-43.
7. Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65(10):1312-24.
8. Jones P. The modern management of gout. New Ethicals Journal 2001;4:29-31.
9. Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Pijoan JI, et al. Effect of urate-lowering therapy on the velocity of size reduction of tophi in chronic gout. Arthritis Rheum 2002;47(4):356-60.
10. Shoji A, Yamanaka H, Kamatani N. A retrospective study of the relationship between serum urate level and recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis: evidence for reduction of recurrent gouty arthritis with antihyperuricemic therapy. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51(3):321-5.
11. Li-Yu J, Clayburne G, Sieck M, et al. Treatment of chronic gout. Can we determine when urate stores are depleted enough to prevent attacks of gout? J Rheumatol 2001;28(3):577-80.
12. Medsafe. Apo-allopurinol. Medsafe datasheets 2006.Available from www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/a/apoallopurinoltab.htm
13. Dalbeth N, Kumar S, Stamp L, Gow P. Dose adjustment of allopurinol according to creatinine clearance dose not provide adequate control of hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. J Rheumatology 2006;33:1646-50.
14. Borstad GC, Bryant LR, Abel MP, et al. Colchicine for prophylaxis of acute flares when initiating allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol 2004;31(12):2429-32.
15. Reinders MK, van Roon EN, Houtman PM, et al. Biochemical effectiveness of allopurinol and allopurinol-probenecid in previously benzbromarone-treated gout patients. Clin Rheumatol 2007.
16. Krejs GJ. Metabolic benefits associated with sibutramine therapy. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26 Suppl 4:S34-7.
17. Dessein PH, Shipton EA, Stanwix AE, et al. Beneficial effects of weight loss associated with moderate calorie/carbohydrate restriction, and increased proportional intake of protein and unsaturated fat on serum urate and lipoprotein levels in gout: a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 2000;59(7):539-43.
18. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med 2004;350(11):1093-103.
19. Huang HY, Appel LJ, Choi MJ, et al. The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52(6):1843-7.
20. Gao X, Qi L, Qiao N, Choi HK, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and serum uric acid concentration in US men and women. Hypertension 2007;50(2):306-12.
21. Choi HK, Liu S, Curhan G. Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52(1):283-9.
22. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Lancet 2004;363(9417):1277-81.
23. Choi HK, Willett W, Curhan G. Coffee consumption and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56(6):2049-55.
24. Choi HK, Curhan G. Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and serum uric acid level: the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Arthritis Rheum 2007;57(5):816-21.
25. Baker JF, Krishnan E, Chen L, Schumacher HR. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular disease: recent developments, and where do they leave us? Am J Med 2005;118(8):816-26.
26. Krishnan E, Baker JF, Furst DE, Schumacher HR. Gout and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54(8):2688-96.
27. Colvine K, Kerr A, McLachlan A, Gow PJ, Kumar S, Ly J, et al. Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Management in Gout: An Analysis Using Guideline Based Electronic Clinical Decision Support. In: American College of Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting. Washington DC, United States of America; 2006.
28. Choi HK, Ford ES, Li C, Curhan G. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with gout: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum 2007;57(1):109-15.
29. Symmons D. Epidemiologic Concepts and Rheumatology. In: Klippel J, Dieppe P, editors. Rheumatology. 2nd ed. London: Mosby; 1998.
30. Klemp P, Stansfield SA, Castle B, Robertson MC. Gout is on the increase in New Zealand. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56(1):22-6.
31. Dalbeth N, Gow P. Prevention of colchicine toxicity in patients with gout. N Z Med J 2007;120(1252):U2503.

Submit a comment about this article

View comments about this article

Page  1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8

Page 8