Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by a varied and often complex array of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities which can lead to long term health problems. Management should be individually tailored and lifestyle changes can play an important role.

The use of HRT is associated with an increased risk of stroke, venous thromboembolism, gall bladder disease, breast cancer and dementia. However it remains the most effective therapy for treating moderate to severe symptoms of menopause. Individual risk assessment is essential.

Oral contraceptives are used by 147,000 New Zealand women. This article offers guidance for managing their use in the presence of other medical conditions, interacting medications and adverse effects.

Dr Nikki Turner is the Director of the Immunisation Advisory Centre. Here she provides us with an overview of the two currently available HPV vaccinations and discusses the main issues surrounding vaccination.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder that affects many New Zealand men, with both organic and psychogenic causes. Persistent ED can significantly impair quality of life for both men and their partners. There are several treatment options available

Depressive disorder is a major health issue for young people, affecting not only function but overall development. Recent debate has centred on the safety and effectiveness of antidepressants in this age group. Antidepressants have a place in treatment but behavioural and other psychological interventions should be considered first line.

Dr Richard Steele provides some clarification on the issue of which tests are most appropriate for investigating coeliac disease in general practice. He also comments on gluten sensitivity and the role of anti-gliadin antibodies